If the thermostat on your electrically-heated livestock waterer is set too high, you could be wasting energy. The setting should prevent freeze-up of the fountain, but not energize the heating element every time cool groundwater enters the drinking bowl.

Use a thermometer to measure the water temperature in the bowl. Adjust the thermostat setting and test again after a day's use by animals. A second adjustment may be needed. Other tips on where to locate fountains, and typical energy costs at different climates can be found in Livestock Waterers: Selection and Use. The booklet explains that fountains must be sized to match the number of cows, pigs, horses, or other animals that will use it. A valuable drawing shows the key elements of a proper waterer installation, including grounding of the concrete pad, buried depths for wiring, and other electrical service needs. Energy-free waterers are also explained in the 13-page booklet, along with a list of livestock fountain manufacturers.